Paton Bridge
Oh it is hard work - building bridges. That is now under construction in Kiev at the same time two ferries - welcome to residents Troeschina Podolsko Resurrection bridge crossing, and road-rail Darnytskyi. It is worth remembering how many calls, problems and scandals have been around the construction of their projects, and dizzy. A basic, the most difficult "piece" of work - in front. However, everything should go smoothly, because the castle on the Dnieper in the construction of bridges, as they say, a dog ate it.
On the wooden ferries across the Dnieper River is mentioned in the annals of 1097, 1115, 1146, 1151, 1604, 1650 and other years. At the beginning of the XVIII century priest Lukyanov, in a letter says: "After four bridges Dnepr living from island to island: bridges exceedingly large, and the Dnepr near Kiev of the island." It is, apparently, of the four ferries - Podolsk, Spassky, and Navodnitskoy Lybidska.
FOR MOST PRECIOUS GIRL
But Kiev was considered not only a city on the river. He - the birthplace of mountain climbs, impassable ravines, sheer cliffs and turbulent flows, falling water in its most picturesque valley of the rivers - Lybid, Pochaina, Glubochitsy, raw. "The city stands on different planes - wrote Vladimir Korolenko - but on the outskirts of this topographic feature is extremely bizarre." To combine the elevated areas, the locals laid over the gullies and ravines masonry viaducts, and at times - and capital bridges.
At Bald Mountain, and Lukyanovka Kurenyovka even today you can find plank bridges with railings, which set up a traveler at the lyrical mood. Thought-provoking and wide bridge thrown over the ancient streets of Peter's descent to the Ascension. I think about this edifice, creaking chains, will rise slowly, and you find yourself in front of guards and the gates of the ancient fortress. Although neither chains nor the fortress there never was.
Requires little imagination to imagine that between the hill and the Castle on the Vozdyhalnitsey Andreevskom once there was a transition, in which Norman went directly to the guests of the prince's apartments enjoy the Dnieper, is the place where today stands proudly, "Richard Castle - Lion Heart".
Today the city is intertwined network of modern navigation, overpasses, viaducts and road junctions, which are not only improve the scheme of movement of capital, but also successfully entered into the architecture of the modern metropolis. Yet each new building of this type always brings us back to the pages of history.
Thus, the bridge has recently thrown on the Walk of Stars on the terrace in front of Independence Square, can cause a funny old lovers association. When in the middle of the XIX century, the Institute for Noble Maidens began the first lesson, pupils of schools approached management with a request that they were allowed to visit is located opposite the pleasure garden, "Tivoli," and to reduce the distance required to build on the current street Institutsky bridge. The administration was unsympathetic, and the long-awaited opening of the bridge had to be postponed for more than a half century.
Another interesting story associated with the construction of "Bridge of Love" that connects the city today and Kreschatiksky parks. Did the young Professor Evgeny Paton KPI, designing in 1904, the viaduct, the world-famous landmarks? Speech - an area famous castle Neuschwanstein in Germany, built the Bavarian King Ludwig II on the grounds of romantic pieces by Richard Wagner in the 1869-1886 years. High in the mountains, above the gorge, "fairytale king" (so named Louis II) threw a suspension bridge, and called his name to his mother Queen Mary.
And in Kiev in 1856, the lower part of the king's garden with a lake in the middle (now - the territory of stadium "Dynamo") were transferred to the gardener to Charles Christian. He lowered the lake beds and beat called the Rose Valley area (similar to this valley in Dresden). Eight years later, a French entrepreneur opened the Valley of Roses popular kafeshantan "Chateau de Fleur" ("Castle of Flowers"). Note that the lock is ready, the lake was (as, indeed, and the estate of Neuschwanstein), lacking only the Mariinsky bridge leading to the palace of the same name. And it appears. And in an unusual way: first, between the parks established metal construction, and only then out of her chosen land. Formed fare - Peter Alley.
The inverse image of Brooklyn Bridge
Despite the fact that Kiev - not in Venice, on his vast Venetian Strait and there is even a Venetian bridge. And the area is located in the left bank of the island, for centuries the townspeople was identified with an exotic Italian town. After all, spring turned the Dnieper in the boundless sea of ??the lagoon, and only the bell tower of the church Elizabeth rose above the water surface, like a Tower of rain on St. Mark's Square.
Architectural "highlight" Kiev Venice was Nicholas Chain Bridge, the silver model which in 1854 exhibited in London at the Crystal Palace of the architect Pekstona. Researchers believe that this model served as a prototype for the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, built in the East River in 1883 in New York.
But what looked like a bridge linking the two together the Dnieper shore? In length and the presence of structures, he was the only one in the world shestiproletnym crossing body of water. For building was used by local production of bricks. Of his five bulls, lined with granite, built as a semi-circular portal arches with Gothic towers.
Best entry in Kiev and it was impossible to come up with. The French have compared it to the Arc de Triomphe, Saint-Martin in Paris, and the proud Hungarians recognized the supremacy of Kiev on the construction of the Chain Bridge in Budapest. Feel like home, and guests from St. Petersburg: the bridge at midnight of the divorce, and through it, as on the Neva, the court held mast.
Charles Vignoles ... Name of this talented British engineer known throughout the scientific world. His project to build a bridge of Kiev in the mid 40s has been scrutinized and adjusted by our domestic experts, with the participation of Melnikov and Kerbedz (author of the bridges over the Neva).
After the construction plan was "good" and was approved by the Emperor Nicholas I, the laying of a new bridge near the confluence of the river Dnieper Chertoroy into the mainstream, just opposite the Askold grave. It happened August 30, 1848.
If you built the Brooklyn Bridge Reblingam with his son, Charles Vignoles it came to Kiev with two heirs. They were reliable assistants. Work progressed quickly and smoothly. Soon, the Birmingham (England) completed the manufacture of metal structures. They were taken to Odessa on 16 ships. Chumak, loaded them on carts drawn by oxen, and brought safely back to Kyiv. All of these transportation, transportation services, manufacturing of parts, bridge construction and design cost the treasury more than three and a half million rubles.
In this regard, we should remember that the purpose of detention facilities in good condition at the beginning of last century on the Chain Bridge was installed duties: for the movement of a cow - 6 cop., Horses - 9 cop., The car - 15 kopecks.
Nicholas was a natural extension of Rusanovsky bridge, linking the coast and the bridgehead Nicholas suburb. At first it consisted of four wooden blades, but in 1906 the project engineer Belelyubsky on their site was built with the delicate transition of two-span metal trusses semi-oval shape. In 1920 Chain Bridge blew up the retreating White Poles, and then it was rebuilt according to the drawings of Professor Paton (1925), and during the Second World War has been lost for ever in Kiev. Today, along the road, "diva engineering" Vi?oly laid no less impressive two-story reinforced concrete Metro Bridge (1965).
Paton Bridge - like a rocket
Two metropolitan railway bridge across the Dnieper also have a remarkable history. If we talk about the south, Darnytskyi, it - a military engineer Armand Struve - probably never imagined that his creation will glorify his name outside the Empire, and the building was finished a brilliant career - from captains Struve made a colonel. In length (1.5 km) crossing took first place in Europe, its construction has gone 250,000 tons of iron, and the total cost of the work has reached more than 3 million rubles. By the way, before the caisson method bookmark bulls in domestic practice was not used. And the number "13" (base of stone) was an engineer happy.
February 17, 1870 the bridge was the first train of the Kursk-Kiev railway. Before the eyes of the passengers opened a hitherto unseen view of Kiev's Golden Domed mountains and temples. Many artists have left no word of this visual phenomenon of their memories. Andrei Leskov (the writer's son) on his first acquaintance with Kiev from the train window says this: "Look, look, - I whispered to her mother. - Laurel! Remember it all! Remember, for Kiev, this ancestor of Russian cities - the cradle of Russia. No other City can not be compared with the beauty and depth of historical significance. " Shook the city view from the window of the car and proletarian writer Maxim Gorky, who in his "Confessions," compared with the temples of the monastery, "a fairy tale, somebody told by a wise and great."
Do not look less attractive, and Peter (Podolsk) bridge, located in the upper reaches of the Dnieper. Its construction began in 1915, driven by the need to "wrap around" tracks around the city. The choice fell on the tract Natalka (now - Obolon), from the direction of the Chertoroyu began to lay the foundation caisson. The 1917 Revolution and the Civil War and the post-war devastation "slowed down" the production process. Only 8 November 1929 on a new, decorated with streamers bridge was the first train.
It took nearly a quarter century before Kiev was enriched by yet another "technical wonder" which the poet Boris Oliynyk compared with the space launch, "st mіst Paton, mov missile was put into dnі gryaduschі іz dnіv had passed." For the first time in world practice polutorakilometrovy crossing water space was built by the Electric: mounting block 264 passing yards were welded seams 10 668!
The bridge was opened on November 5, 1953 in a festive atmosphere. Unfortunately, the year of birth of a masterpiece of engineering is closely related to the year of death of its author - the academician of the father Paton. His name could also be assigned and referred to "Bridge of Love", revived in 1925 a new chain.
Speaking of the Dnieper "old-timers", we should mention the Amenity mostoperehode Truhanov on the island. Previously, to get to the central beach, it was necessary to survive a long line at the pier, "2nd ladder" and then squeeze into a crowded boat on deck, and only reached the opposite shore, to feel like a rest. The bridge took all the problems. In the summer of 1957 the people of Kiev for the first time in many centuries had the opportunity to go to their favorite "Truhashku" (an expression Kuprin) and feel the benefits of a pedestrian crossing over the water. Openwork structure length of 400 meters from the huge influx of tourists occasionally rocked, which served as a pretext for rumors and speculation. Since then, it's been half a century, but the pedestrian bridge still remains a favorite meeting place for beachgoers, fishermen and lovers ...
Source: Mr Lavrov for the newspaper "Today"
